診斷所患何病 - 古德明
問：He was diagnosed to have suffered from diabetes（他據診斷患了糖尿病）這一句，文法正確嗎？我的上司把句子改作He was diagnosed with diabetes。
答：請先看一九七五年版The Random House College Dictionary diagnose條下注釋：to determine the identity of an illness by a medical examination（憑醫學檢查，判斷某疾病是什麼疾病）。既說「判斷某疾病」，則diagnose的受詞（object）只可是疾病，不可以是病人。所以，英語學者Charles Lurie一九二七年出版的How to Say It不贊成「以人作diagnose的受詞（using the verb "diagnose" with a person as its object）」。根據這原則，讀者示下那兩句文法都不正確，應該改正為His illness / condition was diagnosed as diabetes或He was found to have diabetes。
不過，今天常見diagnose一字以人作受詞，連第七版《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》都有以下例句：「He has recently been diagnosed with angina他最近被診斷出患有心絞痛。」可見以人作diagnose的受詞，一般已不視為錯誤。而讀者那位上司，用的正是牛津詞典所示句式。此外，那一句還可改寫如下：He was diagnosed as（或to be）suffering from diabetes、 He was diagnosed as（或to be）a diabetic。留意用as比用to be常見。
至於He was diagnosed to have suffered from diabetes，那是說「他據診斷曾患糖尿病」，有「他現已痊癒」含義，意思有點不同。
Z88
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