2017年9月2日星期六

天災人禍、句子主詞 - 古德明 | 2017-09-02 | | 蘋果日報

天災人禍、句子主詞 - 古德明 | 2017-09-02 | | 蘋果日報

天災人禍、句子主詞 - 古德明

問:澳門經颱風天鴿一劫,令人想起「天災人禍」一詞,英文怎樣說?又calamity、catastrophe、disaster三字意思有什麼分別?
答:「天災人禍」可譯做natural and man-made calamities / disasters,例如:Tens of millions of Chinese people have been killed over the past 68 years as a result of natural and man-made calamities such as famines and floods(過去六十八年,由於饑荒、洪水等天災人禍,中國人死者以千萬計)。
Calamity、catastrophe、disaster三字,都可以指個人或大眾的災難,其中disaster一字最為常用。Disaster多指突如其來的不幸;calamity多指廣泛的災難,如地震、洪水、戰爭、瘟疫等;catastrophe則多指大災難,特別強調災難的悲慘結果,例如:(1)The air disaster claimed 100 lives(這場空難,死者共一百人)。(2)The terrible typhoon was a great calamity for Macao(那場可怕颱風,給澳門帶來大災難)。(3)The Big Leap forward was a catastrophe for the whole country(大躍進是全國的大災難)。
問:以下一句,describing一字的主詞(subject)是不是one?──One should never use "very unique", but if there are very few of some object, describing them as "almost unique" is acceptable(你不可用「十分獨一無二」一詞,但形容一些罕有的東西,可說「幾乎獨一無二」)。
答:Describing不是one的動詞,而是動名詞(gerund),作Describing them as "almost unique" is acceptable這一子句(clause)的主詞。



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