離場開手機、偶遇
問:After leaving the basketball court, Sarah switched on her mobile phone(莎拉離開籃球場之後,打開手提電話)這一句,起句的after一字要不要刪去?
答:After leaving the basketball court的after不必刪去,而同義的寫法還有Having left the basketball court和After having left the basketball court。Having left這寫法,多見於文字;而After having left這寫法,after、having兩字意思未免重複,雖然文法正確,卻不常見。
至於Leaving the basketball court, Sarah switched on her mobile phone這寫法,意思和上述三個寫法有點不同。用after或having的寫法,把「離開籃球場」和「打開手提電話」兩個動作的先後次序分得很清楚;而不用after或having的寫法,則表示兩個動作幾乎同時發生。
問:I happened to meet him和I happen to have met him這兩句,哪一句正確?
答:這兩句文法都正確,意思也都是「我碰巧遇到他」,但I happened to meet him是把「碰巧遇到」當作過去的事來看,而I happen to have met him則是把「碰巧有此偶遇」當作現有的經歷來看,所經歷的事用說過去的have met表達。請看以下一句:Last week I happened to meet him(我上星期碰巧遇到他)。這一句可改寫為I happen to have met him last week,但不可改寫為Last week I happen to have met him,因為Last week I happen的happen應受last week二字規限,不能視為現有的經歷。
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