說未來的should have、三十分鐘 - 古德明
問:最近收到電郵說:Invitation letters and labels will be sent to all applicants on 22 September. You should have received them by 27 September. If not, please call us(邀請函及標籤將於九月二十二日寄與所有申請人。閣下至九月二十七日倘尚未收到,請來電查詢)。第二句的should have received是不是應改為will receive?
答:Someone should have done something這句式,可用來說過去未有發生的事,常帶「可惜當時沒有這樣做」含義;也可用來說未來某個時候或現在應已發生的事,常和by now / then / a particular time這樣的片語連用。以下兩句,出自第七版《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》should、then二條,可為例證:(1)She should have asked for some help(她當時應該求助)。(2)Call again next week. They should have reached a decision by then(下星期再來電話吧,到時他們應已有決定)。
讀者示下的電郵,用should have received,是說「九月二十七日之前應已收到」;假如改為will receive,則是說「九月二十七日之前將會收到」,含義稍有不同。
問:Thirty minutes more are / is too long to wait(還要多等三十分鐘,未免太久)一語,應用is還是are?
答:英文常把一個數量當作單數名詞,和單數動詞連用,例如:Ten dollars is not a large sum(十元不是一筆大額金錢)。讀者說的那一句,當然也應用is。
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