不可拘泥句式
2012年03月09日
問:香港中學文憑試卷示例有以下一句: If I could have killed the dog with my bare hands, I would have(假如我當時赤手空拳已經可以格殺那隻狗,當時就已經那樣做了)。這應是假設句第三類型,文法正確嗎?
答:假設句可分三類,一是說現在或將來可能發生的事,用「現在式動詞+ will動詞」;一是說現在或將來不可能或不大可能發生的事,用「過去式動詞+ would動詞」;一是說過去沒有發生的事,用「完成式動詞+ would have動詞」。例如:( 1) If he comes, I will see him(他假如到來,我會見他)。( 2) If I were you, I would go(我是你,就會去)。( 3) If I had known, I would have told him(假如當時我知道,就會告訴他)。
不過,這些句式可以靈活使用,例如:( 1) If you are his friend, you should have helped him(你既然是他的朋友,當時就應幫助他)。( 2) If I were you, I would not have gone(我是你,當時就不會去)。只要文法配合要說的情況,上述三種假設句式可以截取上半或下半,混合甚至獨立使用。
讀者示下那一句,假如改用假設句第三類型,是 If I had killed the dog with my bare hands, I would have,即「假如我當時赤手空拳殺了那隻狗,當時就已經那樣做了」,那完全不知所云,可見原句並沒有錯。十九世紀著名英國女作家 Charlotte Riddell Maxwell Drewitt一書第二十七章有以下一句,可供參考: If I could have died to keep this grief from her, I would have done it(假如我當時能以一死免她悲傷,我會不惜一死)。
(古德明)
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