Stick better than carrot 大棒比胡萝卜更激励人 来自每日双语播报资讯

The stick really is better than the carrot when it comes to motivating people, a study has found.
Although modern management and schooling techniques favor praising workers or students, the new research suggests that negative feedback produces more improvement than positive affirmation.
In fact, punishments were up to three times more effective at improving performance than rewards.
Dr Jan Kubanek, of the Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, US, who lead the study, said: "Our study suggests that negative feedback may be more effective than positive feedback at modifying behavior. … From an evolutionary perspective, people tend to avoid punishments or dangerous situations. Rewards, on the other hand, have less of a life-threatening impact."
一项研究表明，"大棒"确实比"胡萝卜"更能激励人。
尽管现代的管理和教学技巧都倾向于表扬员工和学生，但这项新研究却认为消极的反馈比积极的表扬更能使人进步。
事实上，惩罚在提升表现方面的效果是奖励的三倍。
美国圣路易斯华盛顿大学药学院的简·库班克博士是这项研究的负责人，他说："我们的研究表明，比起积极的反馈，消极的反馈往往能更有效地影响人们的行为。……从进化的角度来看，人们会自然地倾向于回避惩罚或危险的情况。然而奖励却很少会有像威胁生存这样的影响力。"